Abstract This article intends to quantitatively analyze how training courses have been implemented among the staff of Spanish university libraries in the new technological and social paradigm they are facing. This is based on the statistical data provided by the Network of Spanish University Libraries (REBIUN) through its platform, which allows us to conclude that, with few exceptions, there is no clear commitment to their galvanization, being most centers in a medium or low profile, with a clear trend towards stabilization, and without the social visibility of the training being considered as an indicator of quality nor of the professional skills of them. In addition, a series of recommendations are presented to make the presence of the training courses acquire more importance in the strategic planning of university libraries.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar de forma cuantitativa cómo se han implementado los cursos de formación entre el personal de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas ante el nuevo paradigma tecnológico y social al que se enfrentan. Se basa en los datos estadísticos que proporciona la Red de Bibliotecas Universitarias Españolas (REBIUN) a través de su plataforma, que permiten concluir que, salvo excepciones, no existe una clara apuesta por su dinamización, situándose la mayoría de los centros en un perfil medio o bajo, con una clara tendencia a la estabilización, y sin que la visibilidad social de la formación sea considerada como indicador de calidad ni de las competencias profesionales ni de los objetivos de las mismas. Se presentan además una serie de recomendaciones para que la presencia de los cursos de formación ad- quiera una mayor importancia en la planificación estratégica de las bibliotecas universitarias.

The aim of this article is to analyze the specific tasks in the field of cultural extension carried out by the Universidad de Zaragoza (BUZ) during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939): The custody and deposit of some private collections confiscated; the participation in actions of ideological proselitism and patriotic affirmation; and finally, the frustrated attempt to become one of the headquarters of the itinerant bibliographical exhibitions in Italy and Germany. For this, documentary sources from various archives have been used and the specific bibliography on the subject was consulted. This has allowed us to conclude that the libraries, especially the BUZ, were fully integrated into the war machine of the sides in conflict, becoming an effective propaganda weapon.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las tareas específicas en el ámbito de la extensión cultural que asumió la Universidad de Zaragoza (BUZ) durante la guerra civil española (1936-1939): la custodia y depósito de algunas colecciones particulares confiscadas; la participación en acciones de proselitismo ideológico y de afirmación patriótica; y por último, la tentativa frustrada de convertirse en una de las sedes de las muestras bibliográficas itinerantes de Italia y Alemania. Para ello, se han utilizado fuentes documentales procedentes de diversos archivos y consultado la bibliografía específica sobre el tema. Ello nos ha permitido concluir que las bibliotecas, y en especial la BUZ, se integraron plenamente en la maquinaria bélica de los bandos en conflicto, convirtiéndose en un arma propagandística eficaz.

Fatias de carne bovina foram inoculadas com uma de duas bactérias láticas protetoras (Lactobacillus sakei CTC 372 bacteriocinogênica e Lactobacillus CTC 711 não caracterizado) e armazenadas em atmosfera modificada (20-40% CO2). A inoculação da carne com bactérias láticas protetoras inibiu a multiplicação de bactérias deteriorantes. O CO2 da atmosfera e/ou a presença de bactérias láticas não causou a formação de metmioglobina ou de odores indesejáveis. A formação de metmioglobina e as características sensoriais foram equivalentes às apresentadas por carne fresca não deteriorada e não submetida a tratamento. A multiplicação de Listeria monocytogenes em caldo foi inibida por bactérias isoladas da superfície das carnes inoculadas com as bactérias láticas. Após 7 dias a 3ºC, a contagem inicial de L. monocytogenes de 5.6 log UFC.mL-1 caiu para 2.8 log UFC.mL-1 na ausência de bactéria lática protetora. A 8ºC, as contagens de L. monocytogenes foram reduzidas em 2.5 ou 1.5 log na presença de Lb. sakei CTC 372 ou Lb. CTC 711, respectivamente. A 25ºC, as contagens de L. monocytogenes no caldo contendo uma das bactérias láticas protetoras foram 5 log mais baixas do que nos caldos contendo L. monocytogenes somente.

Beef steaks were inoculated with one or other of two protective strains of lactic acid bacteria (bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus sakei CTC 372 or the uncharacterized Lactobacillus CTC 711), and stored under modified atmospheres (20-40% CO2). Inoculation of meat with LAB inhibited growth of the spoilage bacteria. Neither CO2 in the pack atmosphere or inoculation with protective strains, nor a combination of both, affected formation of metmyoglobin or the development of off-odours. The formation of metmyoglobin in meat pigments and the sensory odour scores were compatible to those of fresh meat which had not undergone either oxidative deterioration or microbial spoilage. Listeria monocytogenes was inhibited in broth by meat surface microbiota containing the protective strains. With initial numbers of 5.6 log cfu mL-1, after 7 days incubation at 3ºC, L. monocytogenes were recovered at log mean numbers of 2.8 log cfu mL-1 when no protective strain was present. At 8ºC, the numbers of L. monocytogenes were reduced by about 2.5 or 1.5 log mL-1 in the presence of Lb. sakei CTC 372 or Lb. CTC 711, respectively. At 25ºC, the numbers of L. monocytogenes recovered from broth containing either protective strain were about 5 log lower than the numbers recovered from broth containing L. monocytogenes only.